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Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion and Population Health

Population Health Research Brief Series

How Did Cognitive Status Impact Health Care Use Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Katarina A. Sako and Janet M. Wilmoth

June 2024

Abstract

Physical distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of older adults. Older adults experiencing dementia and other forms of cognitive decline have impaired executive functioning that made it even more difficult to contend with these disruptions. This brief presents findings from research that used data from the 2021 Health and Retirement Study to examine differences in health care delays and health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic among a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults (ages 50+) with versus without cognitive decline. Results show that most older adults did not delay getting health care and did not experience poor health outcomes due to delayed care. Moreover, older adults with cognitive decline were less likely than other older adults to experience delays in getting health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, when older adults with cognitive decline did experience health care delays, those delays were associated with worse health outcomes compared to older adults without cognitive decline.

Population Health Brief Series

This series presents population health research findings to inform the public and policymakers.

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Research by Lerner affiliates is regularly funded by the National Institutes of Health, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Russell Sage Foundation and many other federal agencies and foundations. The Lerner Center also funds population health research at Syracuse University through its Faculty Fellows Program.

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Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion and Population Health

Population Health Research Brief Series

How Did Cognitive Status Impact Health Care Use Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Katarina A. Sako and Janet M. Wilmoth

June 2024

Abstract

Physical distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of older adults. Older adults experiencing dementia and other forms of cognitive decline have impaired executive functioning that made it even more difficult to contend with these disruptions. This brief presents findings from research that used data from the 2021 Health and Retirement Study to examine differences in health care delays and health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic among a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults (ages 50+) with versus without cognitive decline. Results show that most older adults did not delay getting health care and did not experience poor health outcomes due to delayed care. Moreover, older adults with cognitive decline were less likely than other older adults to experience delays in getting health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, when older adults with cognitive decline did experience health care delays, those delays were associated with worse health outcomes compared to older adults without cognitive decline.

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Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion and Population Health